cd02570, PseudoU_synth_EcTruA, Eukaryotic and bacterial pseudouridine synthases similar to E. coli TruA. This group consists of eukaryotic and bacterial pseudouridine synthases similar to E. coli TruA, Pseudomonas aeruginosa truA and human pseudouridine synthase-like 1 (PUSL1). Pseudouridine synthases catalyze the isomerization of specific uridines in an RNA molecule to pseudouridines (5-ribosyluracil, psi). No cofactors are required. E. coli TruA makes psi38/39 and/or 40 in tRNA. psi38 and psi39 in tRNAs are highly phylogenetically conserved. P. aeruginosa truA is required for induction of type III secretory genes and may act through modifying tRNAs critical for the expression of type III genes or their regulators.
pfam10186, Atg14, Vacuolar sorting 38 and autophagy-related subunit 14. The Atg14 or Apg14 proteins are hydrophilic proteins with a predicted molecular mass of 40.5 kDa, and have a coiled-coil motif at the N-terminus region. Yeast cells with mutant Atg14 are defective not only in autophagy but also in sorting of carboxypeptidase Y (CPY), a vacuolar-soluble hydrolase, to the vacuole. Subcellular fractionation indicate that Apg14p and Apg6p are peripherally associated with a membrane structure(s). Apg14p was co-immunoprecipitated with Apg6p, suggesting that they form a stable protein complex. These results imply that Apg6/Vps30p has two distinct functions: in the autophagic process and in the vacuolar protein sorting pathway. Apg14p may be a component specifically required for the function of Apg6/Vps30p through the autophagic pathway. There are 17 auto-phagosomal component proteins which are categorized into six functional units, one of which is the AS-PI3K complex (Vps30/Atg6 and Atg14). The AS-PI3K complex and the Atg2-Atg18 complex are essential for nucleation, and the specific function of the AS-PI3K apparently is to produce phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns(3)P) at the pre-autophagosomal structure (PAS). The localization of this complex at the PAS is controlled by Atg14. Autophagy mediates the cellular response to nutrient deprivation, protein aggregation, and pathogen invasion in humans, and malfunction of autophagy has been implicated in multiple human diseases including cancer. This effect seems to be mediated through direct interaction of the human Atg14 with Beclin 1 in the human phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase class III complex.
cd01189, INT_ICEBs1_C_like, C-terminal catalytic domain of integrases from bacterial phages and conjugate transposons. This family of tyrosine based site-specific integrases is has origins in bacterial phages and conjugate transposons. One member is the integrase from Bacillus subtilis conjugative transposon ICEBs1. ICEBs1 can be excised and transfered to various recipients in response to DNA damage or high concentrations of potential mating partners. The family belongs to the superfamily of DNA breaking-rejoining enzymes, which share the same fold in their catalytic domain and the overall reaction mechanism. The catalytic domain contains six conserved active site residues. Their overall reaction mechanism involves cleavage of a single strand of a DNA duplex by nucleophilic attack of a conserved tyrosine to give a 3' phosphotyrosyl protein-DNA adduct. In the second rejoining step, a terminal 5' hydroxyl attacks the covalent adduct to release the enzyme and generate duplex DNA.
pfam13353, Fer4_12, 4Fe-4S single cluster domain. This family includes proteins containing domains which bind to iron-sulfur clusters. Members include bacterial ferredoxins, various dehydrogenases, and various reductases. The structure of the domain is an alpha-antiparallel beta sandwich.
TIGR00237, exodeoxyribonuclease_VII_large_subunit, exodeoxyribonuclease VII, large subunit. This family consist of exodeoxyribonuclease VII, large subunit XseA which catalyses exonucleolytic cleavage in either the 5'->3' or 3'->5' direction to yield 5'-phosphomononucleotides. Exonuclease VII consists of one large subunit and four small subunits. [DNA metabolism, Degradation of DNA].
cd09764, Csb3_I-U, CRISPR/Cas system-associated RAMP superfamily protein Csb3. CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) and associated Cas proteins comprise a system for heritable host defense by prokaryotic cells against phage and other foreign DNA; RAMP superfamily protein; Might be a catalytically active RNA endoribonuclease.
pfam14335, DUF4391, Domain of unknown function (DUF4391). This family of proteins is functionally uncharacterized. This family of proteins is found in bacteria and archaea. Proteins in this family are typically between 220 and 257 amino acids in length.
TIGR01436, Glutamate--cysteine_ligase_chloroplastic, glutamate--cysteine ligase, plant type. This model represents one of two highly dissimilar forms of glutamate--cysteine ligase (gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase), an enzyme of glutathione biosynthesis. The other type is modeled by TIGR01434. This type is found in plants (with a probable transit peptide), root nodule and other bacteria, but not E. coli and closely related species. [Biosynthesis of cofactors, prosthetic groups, and carriers, Glutathione and analogs].
pfam03372, Exo_endo_phos, Endonuclease/Exonuclease/phosphatase family. This large family of proteins includes magnesium dependent endonucleases and a large number of phosphatases involved in intracellular signalling. This family includes: AP endonuclease proteins EC:4.2.99.18, DNase I proteins EC:3.1.21.1, Synaptojanin an inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate phosphatase EC:3.1.3.56, Sphingomyelinase EC:3.1.4.12, and Nocturnin.
cd00093, HTH_XRE, Helix-turn-helix XRE-family like proteins. Prokaryotic DNA binding proteins belonging to the xenobiotic response element family of transcriptional regulators.
TIGR02165, CRISPR-associated_protein_GSU0054_family, CRISPR-associated protein GSU0054/csb2, Dpsyc system. This model represents a CRISPR-associated protein from the Dpsyc subtype (a type I-C variant), named for Desulfotalea psychrophila LSv54. CRISPR systems confer resistance in prokaryotes to invasive DNA or RNA, including phage and plasmids. CRISPR-associated proteins typically are found near CRISPR repeats and other CRISPR-associated proteins, have low levels of sequence identify, have sequence relationships that suggest lateral transfer, and show some sequence similarity to DNA-active proteins such as helicases and repair proteins.
pfam18495, VbhA, Antitoxin VbhA. VbhT is a bacterial Fic protein of the mammalian pathogen B. schoenbuchensis7,8. It is composed of an N-terminal FIC domain and a C-terminal BID domain. FIC domains are known to catalyse adenylylation (also called AMPylation). This entry represents VbhA, an antitoxin that binds FIC domain (filamentation induced by cyclic AMP) of VbhT and inhibits its activity. It inhibits the adenylylation activity of VbhT by positioning close to the putative ATP-binding site, hence competing with ATP binding.
pfam09617, Cas_GSU0053, CRISPR-associated protein GSU0053 (Cas_GSU0053). This entry is found in CRISPR-associated (cas) proteins in the genomes of Geobacter sulfurreducens PCA and Desulfotalea psychrophila LSv54 (both Desulfobacterales from the Deltaproteobacteria), Gemmata obscuriglobus (a Planctomycete), and Actinomyces naeslundii MG1 (Actinobacteria).
pfam01867, Cas_Cas1, CRISPR associated protein Cas1. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs) are a family of DNA direct repeats found in many prokaryotic genomes. This family of proteins corresponds to Cas1, a CRISPR-associated protein. Cas1 may be involved in linking DNA segments to CRISPR.
TIGR02621, CRISPR-associated_helicase_Cas3, CRISPR-associated helicase Cas3, subtype Dpsyc. This model describes a CRISPR-associated putative DEAH-box helicase, or Cas3, of a subtype found in Actinomyces naeslundii MG1, Geobacter sulfurreducens PCA, Gemmata obscuriglobus UQM 2246, and Desulfotalea psychrophila. This protein includes both DEAH and HD motifs.
cd09725, Cas2_I_II_III, CRISPR/Cas system-associated protein Cas2. CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) and associated Cas proteins comprise a system for heritable host defense by prokaryotic cells against phage and other foreign DNA; Cas2 is present in majority of CRISPR/Cas systems along with Cas1; RNAse specific to U-rich regions; Possesses an RRM/ferredoxin fold.
